Wim Bernasco is Senior Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Henk Elffers is Professor in the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at VU University Amsterdam and a Senior Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement. Jean Louis van Gelder is Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement.